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Pulmonary and Extra-Pulmonary Clinical Manifestations of COVID-19
Johnson, Kemmian D. Harris, Christen Cain, John K. Hummer, Cicily Goyal, Hemant Perisetti, Abhilash
Johnson, Kemmian D.
Harris, Christen
Cain, John K.
Hummer, Cicily
Goyal, Hemant
Perisetti, Abhilash
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Composer
Publisher
Frontiers
Date
2020-08-13
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Abstract
The severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) has been recently identified as the culprit of the highly infectious, outbreak named coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) in China. Now declared a public health emergency, this pandemic is present in more than 200 countries with over 14 million cases and 600,000 deaths as of July 18, 2020. Primarily transmitted through the respiratory tract, the most common clinical presentations of symptomatic individuals infected with SARS-CoV-2 include fever, dyspnea, cough, fatigue, and sore throat. In advanced cases, patients may rapidly develop respiratory failure with acute respiratory distress syndrome, and even progress to death. While it is known that COVID-19 manifests similarly to the 2003 Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome (SARS) and the 2012 Middle East Respiratory Syndrome (MERS), primarily affecting the pulmonary system, the impact of the disease extends far beyond the respiratory system and affects other organs of the body. The literature regarding the extrapulmonary manifestations (cardiovascular, renal, hepatic, gastrointestinal, ocular, dermatologic, and neurological) of COVID-19 is scant. Herein, we provide a comprehensive review of the organ-specific clinical manifestations of COVID-19, to increase awareness about the various organs affected by SARS-CoV-2 and to provide a brief insight into the similarities and differences in the clinical manifestations of COVID-19 and the earlier SARS and MERS.
Contents
Subject
COVID-19
SARS-CoV-2
coronavirus 2019
pneumonia
SARS-CoV-1
MERS-CoV
SARS-CoV-2
coronavirus 2019
pneumonia
SARS-CoV-1
MERS-CoV
Subject(s)
Research Projects
Organizational Units
Journal Issue
Genre
Description
Format
Department
Nurse Anesthesia