The effects of informational and controlling feedback on intrinsic motivation in competition

Abstract

The effects of controlling and informational feedback on intrinsic motivation in competition were examined. Cognitive evaluation theory predicts that competition undermines intrinsic motivation. Further, controlling feedback reduces intrinsic motivation relative to informational feedback. Achievement motivation theory predicts that individuals high and low in achievement motivation respond differently to winning and losing. The results did not support the hypothesis that competition undermines intrinsic motivation. In addition, controlling feedback did not result in the undermining effect of intrinsic motivation. Further examination of the data showed that both theories are necessary to predict intrinsic motivation. Achievement motivation theory predicts intrinsic motivation when controlling feedback is salient, and cognitive evaluation theory predicts intrinsic motivation when the information feedback was salient.