How does the "thin ideal" affect the mature career woman?

Abstract

Surveyed by questionnaire, 95% of 284 U.S. career women, average age 47, affirmed there is societal pressure on women to be thin. However, only 11% are at or below their desired weight. More than one-half (53%) are dieters, as measured by a truncated version of the Restraint Scale. Dieters are more apt than non-dieters to use diet aids such as OTC drugs, liquid meals or commercial help, and to exercise to control weight and improve health. Non-dieters are more likely to watch their diet for the sake of health. Dieters are more likely than non-dieters to overeat when stressed at home or work, during social occasions, and when emotional (angry, anxious, annoyed, or frustrated). In addition, dieters self-esteem is lower, and they feel and observe more discrimination attributable to weight. Dieters desire more tummy tucks, liposuction, or other cosmetic procedures, and their fear of metabolism upset from dieting is greater. Dieters are more likely to control their eating environment. Dieters who binge are among the most overweight, suffer the most behavioral anomalies, and negative sequelae from dieting. Successful dieters are defined as those who have maintained a lower weight for two years or more. Behavior differs only slightly between successful and unsuccessful dieters. However, successful dieters who have attained normal weight differ from overweight successful dieters. The former try to and do exercise regularly, and in the sample are among the most satisfied with their bodies. In general, overweight dieters feel they are smaller than they actually are. Binge eaters, however, who are overweight, feel they are larger. Findings are discussed in a framework of three theories: restraint, environment, and eating self-efficacy.