The mechanistic basis linking cytokine storm to thrombosis in COVID-19

Wolf A.; Khimani F.; Yoon B.; Gerhart C.; Endsley D.; Ray A.K.; Yango A.F.; Flynn S.D.; Lip G.Y.H.; Gonzalez S.A.; Sathyamoorthy M.

Publication

The mechanistic basis linking cytokine storm to thrombosis in COVID-19

Wolf A.; Khimani F.; Yoon B.; Gerhart C.; Endsley D.; Ray A.K.; Yango A.F.; Flynn S.D.; Lip G.Y.H.; Gonzalez S.A.; Sathyamoorthy M.

Publisher

Elsevier

Date

2022

Abstract

It is now well established that infection with SARS-CoV-2 resulting in COVID-19 disease includes a severely symptomatic subset of patients in whom an aggressive and/or dysregulated host immune response leads to cytokine storm syndrome (CSS) that may be further complicated by thrombotic events, contributing to the severe morbidity and mortality observed in COVID-19. This review provides a brief overview of cytokine storm in COVID-19, and then presents a mechanistic discussion of how cytokine storm affects integrated pathways in thrombosis involving the endothelium, platelets, the coagulation cascade, eicosanoids, auto-antibody mediated thrombosis, and the fibrinolytic system. © 2022 The Authors