Comparative aspects of the term "self-understanding" as used by Rudolf Bultmann and Seward Hiltner

Abstract

This study seeks to compare the way Rudolf Bultmann and Sward Hiltner each describe and use the term "self-understanding" as important for man's existence. The author limits his study to those aspects of self-understanding which are clearly similar or contrasting as developed by Bultmann and by Hiltner. The method is to structure the comparison in three major parts, (1) characteristics of the nature of self-understanding (2) elements of the process of self-understanding, and (3) aspects of man in his relationships in the world as he is affected by the continuing process of self-understanding. Hiltner considers man's self-understanding to be a quantitative increase in insight through encountering fellowship in the counseling relationship, which overcomes his emotional impairments and thus frees him for growth toward his potential life of individuality and sociality; this is possible because pastoral counseling is in response to God's word of love in Christ, and it manifests the gospel in the healing ministry. Bultmann considers man's self-understanding to be God's gift of "authentic existence," consisting of man's freedom to love others as he responds in faith to God's grace in Christ addressing him in the proclamation of the kerygma, man is thereby freed from trying to secure his own life and he thus lives in the world "as though not." In an epilogue the author discusses the relevancy of the study for his pastoral ministry. The author contends that both Bultmann and Hiltner offer real help for the pastor seeking to minister to the variable needs of persons. His thesis is that a pastor fulfills his calling as a Christian minister most effectively when he relates and applies the finding of both Pastoral Care and New Testament theology, particularly in regard to man's self-understanding.